No10: Пайтон хэлний Dictionariy төрөл, түүний үйлдлүүд

"""

Dictionaries

Dictionary нь түлхүүр үг (key) түүнд харгалзах утга (value) - аас бүрдэнэ.

"""

# Dictionary үүсгэх

my_dict = { 'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2', 'key3':'value3'}

print(my_dict)

# { 'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2', 'key3':'value3'}

# Key - ээр дамжуулж утгыг авах

key2 = my_dict['key2']

print(key2)

# value2

# get() ашиглах

key3 = my_dict.get("key3")

print(key3)

# value3

# Dictionary урт

print("length of my_dict:", len(my_dict)) 

# 3

# Key - д харгалзах утга нь ямар ч өгөгдлийн төрөл байж болно.

my_dict = {'key1':123, 'key2':[12,23,33], 'key3':['item0','item1','item2']}

key2 = my_dict['key2']

print(key2)

# [12, 23, 33]

key3 = my_dict['key3']

print(key3)

# ['item0', 'item1', 'item2']

key3_0 = my_dict['key3'][0]

print(key3_0)

# item0

key3_0 = my_dict['key3'][0].upper()

print(key3_0)

# ITEM0

# Тухайн key - д харгалзах утгыг өөрчилж болдог.

print("my_dict['key1']:", my_dict['key1'])

# 123

my_dict['key1'] = my_dict['key1'] - 123

print("my_dict['key1']:", my_dict['key1'])

# 0

my_dict['key3'] = "value3"

print("my_dict['key3']:", my_dict['key3'])

# value3

print("my_dict['key2']:", my_dict['key2'])

# [12, 23, 33]

print("type of my_dict['key2']:", type(my_dict['key2']))

# <class 'list'>

my_dict['key2'] += ['шинэ элемэнт']

print("my_dict['key2']:", my_dict['key2'])

# [12, 23, 33, 'шинэ элемэнт']

temp = my_dict['key2']

# my_dict['key2'].remove(0)

temp.remove(12)

print("temp:", temp)

# [23, 33, 'шинэ элемэнт']

print("my_dict['key2']: ", my_dict['key2']) 

# Нэмэх

student = {

  "firstName": "BOLD",

  "lastName": "BAT",

  "DOB": "1990"

}

print("student: ", student)

# {'firstName': 'BOLD', 'lastName': 'BAT', 'DOB': '1990'}

student["school"] = "MUIS"

print("student: ", student)

# {'firstName': 'BOLD', 'lastName': 'BAT', 'DOB': '1990', 'school': 'MUIS'}

# Keyword -р элемэнтийг устгах (1) : pop()

student.pop("DOB")

print("student: ", student)

# {'firstName': 'BOLD', 'lastName': 'BAT', 'school': 'MUIS'}

# Сүүлийн элемэнтийг устгах: popitem()

student.popitem()

print("student: ", student)

# {'firstName': 'BOLD', 'lastName': 'BAT'}

# Keyword -р элемэнтийг устгах (2): del

del student["firstName"]

print("student: ", student)

# {'lastName': 'BAT'}

# Мөн Dictionary -ийг бүхэлд нь устгах: del

del student

# print(student) # Алдаа заана, яагаад гэвэл student гэдэг Dictionary байхгүй болсон учираас,

# Dictionary -ийг хоослох: clear()

person = {

  "firstName": "Navchaa",

  "lastName": "Solongo",

  "DOB": "1985"

}

print("before clear: ", person) 

# {'firstName': 'Navchaa', 'lastName': 'Solongo', 'DOB': '1985'}

person.clear()

print("after clear: ", person) 

# {}

# Dictionary -ийг хуулах, хувилах: copy(), dict()

copy_dic_1 = {

  "A": "1",

  "B": "2",

  "C": 3

}

print("copy_dic_1: ", copy_dic_1)

# {'A': '1', 'B': '2', 'C': 3}

copy_dic_2 = copy_dic_1.copy()

print("copy_dic_2: ", copy_dic_2)

# {'A': '1', 'B': '2', 'C': 3}

copy_dic_3 = dict(copy_dic_2)

print("copy_dic_3: ", copy_dic_3)

# {'A': '1', 'B': '2', 'C': 3}

# Dictionary бусад функцууд

d = {'key1':1,'key2':2,'key3':3}

# Бүх key - ийг авах

dict_k = d.keys()

print(dict_k)

# dict_keys(['key1', 'key2', 'key3'])

# Бүх утгыг авах

dict_val = d.values()

print(dict_val)

# dict_values([1, 2, 3])

# Бүх элемэнтийг tuple байдлаар авах

dict_t = d.items()

print(dict_t)

# dict_items([('key1', 1), ('key2', 2), ('key3', 3)])

# Шинэ dictionary үүсгэх

new_dict = {}

# Шинэ утга нэмэх

new_dict['animal'] = 'Dog'

# Шинэ утга нэмэх

new_dict['age'] = 2.5

print(new_dict)

# {'animal': 'Dog', 'age': 2.5}

# dict -р шинэ dictionary үүсгэх 

new_dict = dict( key1 = "1", key2 = 2, key3 = "Value3")

print(new_dict)

# {'key1': '1', 'key2': 2, 'key3': 'Value3'}

""" Dictionary дотор dictionary хадгалах """ 

d = {'key1': {'nestkey': {'subnestkey':'value'} } }

print(d)

# {'key1': {'nestkey': {'subnestkey': 'value'}}}

print(d['key1']['nestkey']['subnestkey'])

# value

nested_dict_1 = { 

    'dictA': {'key_1-1': 'value_1-1'},

    'dictB': {'key_1-2': 'value_1-2'},

    'dictc': {'key_1-3': 'value_1-3'},

}

print("nested_dict_1:", nested_dict_1)

#  {'dictA': {'key_1-1': 'value_1-1'}, 'dictB': {'key_1-2': 'value_1-2'}, 'dictc': {'key_1-3': 'value_1-3'}}

nested_dict_2 = { 

    'dictA': {'key_2-1': 'value_2-1'},

    'dictB': {'key_2-2': 'value_2-2'},

    'dictc': {'key_2-3': 'value_2-3'},

}

print("nested_dict_2:", nested_dict_2)

# {'dictA': {'key_2-1': 'value_2-1'}, 'dictB': {'key_2-2': 'value_2-2'}, 'dictc': {'key_2-3': 'value_2-3'}}

nested_dict_3 = { 

    'dictA': {'key_3-1': 'value_3-1'},

    'dictB': {'key_3-2': 'value_3-2'},

    'dictc': {'key_3-3': 'value_3-3'},

}

print("nested_dict_3:", nested_dict_3)

#  {'dictA': {'key_3-1': 'value_3-1'}, 'dictB': {'key_3-2': 'value_3-2'}, 'dictc': {'key_3-3': 'value_3-3'}}

nested_dict = {

  "nested_dict_1" : nested_dict_1,

  "nested_dict_2" : nested_dict_2,

  "nested_dict_3" : nested_dict_3

} 

print("nested_dict: ", nested_dict)

# nested_dict: {

# 'nested_dict_1': {

#                   'dictA': {'key_1-1': 'value_1-1'}, 

#                   'dictB': {'key_1-2': 'value_1-2'}, 

#                   'dictc': {'key_1-3': 'value_1-3'}

#                   }, 

# 'nested_dict_2': {

#                   'dictA': {'key_2-1': 'value_2-1'}, 

#                   'dictB': {'key_2-2': 'value_2-2'}, 

#                   'dictc': {'key_2-3': 'value_2-3'}

#                   }, 

# 'nested_dict_3': {

#                   'dictA': {'key_3-1': 'value_3-1'}, 

#                   'dictB': {'key_3-2': 'value_3-2'}, 

#                   'dictc': {'key_3-3': 'value_3-3'}

#                   }

# }